{"id":3091,"date":"2024-01-19T07:23:44","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T07:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/themepanthers.com\/wp\/risehand\/el\/?page_id=3091"},"modified":"2024-10-14T12:47:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T12:47:02","slug":"sultan-2-abdulhamid-han","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/sultan-2-abdulhamid-han\/","title":{"rendered":"Sultan 2.Abd\u00fclhamid Han"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\r\n G\u00d6K SULTAN ABD\u00dcLHAM\u0130D HAN\n <\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid II.(Osmanl\u0131ca: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc, romanize: Abd\u00fc\u2019l-\u1e24am\u012bd-i s\u00e2n\u00ee; 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1842 \u2013 10 \u015eubat 1918), Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 34. padi\u015fah\u0131, 113. \u0130slamhalifesi ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecindeki devlette mutlak hakimiyet sa\u011flayan son padi\u015faht\u0131r.Tahtta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cHamidiye D\u00f6nemi\u201d diye bilinen y\u0131llarda \u0130mparatorluk, da\u011f\u0131lma d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fad\u0131; ba\u015fta k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ilan etti\u011fi I. Me\u015frutiyet ve Kanuni Esasi ile gelen bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck d\u00f6nemine, Balkanlar olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7\u0131kan isyanlara ve Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 kaybedilen 93 Harbi\u2019ne, kapat\u0131lan parlamentoya pek \u00e7ok siyasi olaya, \u201cistibdat d\u00f6nemi\u201d de denen bas\u0131n da dahil \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlardaki bask\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlama d\u00f6nemine, sonras\u0131nda yine kendisinin ilan etmek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 II.Me\u015frutiyet\u2019e, 31 Mart ayaklanmas\u0131na ve kendisinin da\u011f\u0131lmay\u0131 engelleme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015famayan e\u011fitim, ula\u015f\u0131m ve askeri alandaki reform giri\u015fimlerine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti. Devrinde, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 1.592.806 km\u00b2 toprak ile en \u00e7ok toprak kaybeden padi\u015fahlar\u0131ndan biri oldu. 31 A\u011fustos 1876\u2019da tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve 31 Mart Vakas\u0131\u2019ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, 27 Nisan 1909\u2019da, tahttan indirilene kadar \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netti. Me\u015frutiyet yanl\u0131s\u0131 Yeni Osmanl\u0131lar ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fma ve di\u011fer yandan Tersane Konferans\u0131\u2019nda toplanacak b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerden gelecek bask\u0131lar\u0131 engelleme ama\u00e7l\u0131 Tersane Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn 23 Aral\u0131k 1876\u2019da ilk Osmanl\u0131 anayasas\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti ve b\u00f6ylece \u00fclkenin demokratikle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini destekleyece\u011fini belirtmi\u015f oldu.93 Harbi\u2019nde yenilen Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sultan\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamid, meclisin yanl\u0131\u015f kararlar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederek 14 \u015eubat 1878\u2019de bu harbin sonuna do\u011fru meclisi feshetti.<\/p>

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun modernle\u015fmesine y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar II. Abd\u00fclhamid taraf\u0131ndan devam ettirildi. B\u00fcrokraside yap\u0131lan reformlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ba\u011fdat Demiryolu ve Hicaz Demiryolu\u2019nun in\u015fas\u0131 gibi projeler bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu demiryollar\u0131 ve telgraf sistemleri Alman firmalar taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi. Bu d\u00f6nemin reformlar\u0131nda e\u011fitime geni\u015f yer ayr\u0131ld\u0131: hukuk, sanat, ticaret, in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, veteriner, g\u00fcmr\u00fck, tar\u0131m ve dil okullar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok mesleki okul kuruldu. \u0130mparatorluk genelinde ilk, orta ve asker\u00ee okullardan olu\u015fan e\u011fitim a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun bu d\u00f6nemlerdeki bat\u0131k ekonomisi Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda D\u00fcy\u00fbn-\u0131 Um\u00fbmiye\u2019nin ve Reji \u0130daresinin kurulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00d6te yandan iktidar\u0131nda D\u00fcvel-i Muazzama denen b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Karada\u011f, S\u0131rbistan\u2019dan Tersane Konferans\u0131\u2019na, Girit Meselesi\u2019ne, \u0130linden \u0130syan\u0131\u2019na, kadar siyasi pek \u00e7ok olayda m\u00fcdahilli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu oldu. Devlet yine s\u00fcrekli i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k isyanlarla, i\u00e7 \u00e7alkant\u0131larla, ekonomik sorunlarla u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131. D\u0131\u015f politikada denge politikas\u0131 izledi ama bunun yan\u0131nda 1880 sonras\u0131 \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politika de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri nedeniyle onlarla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler yerine Almanya ile yak\u0131nl\u0131k politikas\u0131 izlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\r\n \u015eehzadeli\u011fi <\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Abd\u00fclhamid, Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid\u2019in Tirim\u00fcjgan Kad\u0131n Efendi\u2019den (20 A\u011fustos 1819- 2 Kas\u0131m 1853) olan o\u011fludur.Annesi \u00c7erkestir.21 Eyl\u00fcl 1842 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti \u0130stanbul\u2019da, Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda veya \u00c7\u0131ra\u011fan Saray\u0131\u2019nda d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Hen\u00fcz 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken annesi Tirim\u00fcjgan Sultan \u00f6l\u00fcnce bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Abd\u00fclmecid\u2019in di\u011fer \u00e7ocuksuz e\u015fi Pirist\u00fb Kad\u0131n Efendi \u00fcstlendi.Pirist\u00fb Kad\u0131n Efendi, Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i de yar\u0131m kan karde\u015fi say\u0131lan hen\u00fcz 2 ya\u015f\u0131nda annesi D\u00fczdidil Kad\u0131nefendi\u2019nin 1845\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle annesiz kalan Cemile Sultan ile birlikte kendi \u00e7ocu\u011fu gibi b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc. \u00d6te yandan bir iddiaya g\u00f6re dedesi \u0130kinci Mahmud gibi i\u00e7ki ve kad\u0131nlara d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fck gibi iki k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir sorunu olmayan babas\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131, eski d\u00f6nemlerin \u015fehzadelerinin hapis hayat\u0131ndan \u00e7ok uzakta, nispeten serbest yeti\u015ftirme\u011fe \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterdi. \u00d6yle ki o\u011fullar\u0131 Re\u015fad, V. Murad ve Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in bir arada V. Murad\u2019\u0131n ikametgah\u0131nda oturup zaman ge\u00e7irip e\u011flenmelerine bile g\u00f6z yumdu. Babas\u0131n\u0131n 39 ya\u015f gibi beklenmedik \u00e7ok gen\u00e7 bir ya\u015fta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra yerine tahta ge\u00e7en amcas\u0131 Abd\u00fclaziz ise di\u011fer \u015fehzadelerle birlikte Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in e\u011fitimiyle de yak\u0131ndan ilgilendi.

Balmoral Kalesi, \u0130sko\u00e7ya, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya gezisi, Temmuz 1867. Sandalyede oturup k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla verdi\u011fi me\u015fhur pozun foto\u011frafland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kale.<\/p>

B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya gezisi, Temmuz 1867, Krali\u00e7e Victoria, Abd\u00fclaziz, Abd\u00fclhamid II.<\/p>

Abd\u00fclhamid,\u00a0Gerdank\u0131ran \u00d6mer Efendi\u2019den\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7e,\u00a0Ali Mahv\u00ee Efendi\u2019den Fars\u00e7a, Ferid ve \u015eerif efendilerden\u00a0Arap\u00e7a\u00a0ve di\u011fer ilimleri,\u00a0Vak\u2018an\u00fcvis\u00a0Lutfi Efendi\u2019den\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 tarihi,\u00a0Edhem\u00a0ve Kemal pa\u015falar ile M\u00f6sy\u00f6 Gardet\u2019dan\u00a0Frans\u0131zca, Miralay Lombardi ile\u00a0Callisto Guatelli\u2019den de\u00a0musik\u00ee\u00a0dersleri ald\u0131.\u00a0Gen\u00e7lik g\u00fcnlerinde veliaht olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck karde\u015fi \u015eehzade\u00a0V. Murad\u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in saray \u00e7evrelerinde fazla ilgi g\u00f6rmeyen Abd\u00fclhamid, bu nedenle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan uzak, sade bir hayat ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>

Opera\u00a0ile ilgilenen, birden \u00e7ok opera klasik eserlerini T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye bizzat terc\u00fcme eden ve terc\u00fcme ettiren II. Abd\u00fclhamid,\u00a0II. Mahmud\u2019un zaman\u0131nda kurdu\u011fu\u00a0M\u0131z\u0131ka-y\u0131 H\u00fcm\u00e2yun\u2019dan m\u00fczik opera eserleri dinlemeyi seviyordu. Piyano e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Amat\u00f6r olarak ya\u011fl\u0131 ve sulu boya resim de yapard\u0131. Marangozluk zanaat\u0131nda da \u00e7ok maharetli olan \u015eehzade Abd\u00fclhamid, bug\u00fcn\u00a0Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u00a0ve i\u00e7erisindeki\u00a0\u015eale K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc\u00a0ile\u00a0Beylerbeyi Saray\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bir\u00e7ok y\u00fcksek kalite mobilyan\u0131n da zanaatk\u00e2r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Abd\u00fclhamid kendisinden \u00f6nceki di\u011fer padi\u015fahlar\u0131n aksine \u015fehzadeli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ziyaretlerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, tahta \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan 9 y\u0131l \u00f6nce amcas\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupagezisinde amcas\u0131na refakat etti.Bu gezide 30 Haziran \u2013 10 Temmuz 1867 tarihlerinde Paris, 12 \u2013 23 Temmuz 1867 tarihlerinde Londra, 28 \u2013 30 Temmuz 1867 tarihlerinde Viyana ziyaretlerinde bulundu, 21 Haziran 1867\u2019de hen\u00fcz 24 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ba\u015flayan yolculuklar\u0131, bu \u015fehirlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer Avrupa ba\u015fkentleri ve \u00f6nemli \u015fehirleri de ziyaret edildikten sonra 7 A\u011fustos 1867 tarihinde yeniden \u0130stanbul\u2019da sona erdi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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K\u0131z\u0131 Ay\u015fe Sultan\u2019a g\u00f6re, babas\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in 13 e\u015fi olmu\u015ftur.<\/sup>Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re ise, bu say\u0131 16\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\r\n II.Abd\u00fchamid\u2019in aile soya\u011fac\u0131\n <\/h2>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kad\u0131n Efendileri<\/h5><\/dt><\/dl><\/dt><\/dl>
  1. N\u00e2ziked\u00e2 Kad\u0131nefendi: Ba\u015fkad\u0131nefendi<\/li>
  2. Bedrifelek Kad\u0131nefendi: \u0130kinci Kad\u0131nefendi<\/li>
  3. Safinaz Nurefzun: \u0130kinci Kad\u0131nefendi<\/li>
  4. Bid\u00e2r Kad\u0131nefendi: \u0130kinci Kad\u0131nefendi<\/li>
  5. Dilpesend Kad\u0131nefendi: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kad\u0131nefendi<\/li>
  6. Mez\u00eede Mestan: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kad\u0131nefendi<\/li>
  7. Emsalinur Kad\u0131nefendi: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Kad\u0131n Efendi<\/li>
  8. M\u00fc\u015ffika Kad\u0131nefendi: D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Kad\u0131nefendi<\/li><\/ol>
    \u0130kballeri<\/h5><\/dt><\/dl><\/dt><\/dl>
    1. Sazk\u00e2r Han\u0131m: Ba\u015f \u0130kbal<\/li>
    2. Peyveste Han\u0131m: \u0130kinci \u0130kbal<\/li>
    3. Fatma Pesend Han\u0131m: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130kbal<\/li>
    4. Behice Han\u0131m: D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130kbal<\/li>
    5. Saliha Naciye Han\u0131m: D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130kbal<\/li><\/ol>
      G\u00f6zdeler<\/h5><\/dt><\/dl><\/dt><\/dl>
      1. D\u00fcrdane Han\u0131m: Ba\u015f G\u00f6zde<\/li>
      2. Calibos(Caliboz) Han\u0131m<\/li>
      3. Simperver(Nazl\u0131y\u00e2r) Han\u0131m<\/li>
      4. Nevcedid Han\u0131m<\/li>
      5. Berg\u00fczar<\/li>
      6. Levandit<\/li>
      7. Ebru<\/li>
      8. Sermelek<\/li><\/ol>
        Erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131<\/h5><\/dt><\/dl>
        1. Mehmed Selim Efendi, Bedr-i Felek Kad\u0131n Efendi\u2019nin o\u011flu<\/li>
        2. Ahmed Nuri Efendi<\/li>
        3. Mehmed Abd\u00fclkadir Efendi<\/li>
        4. Mehmed Burhaneddin Efendi<\/li>
        5. Abd\u00fcrrahim Hayri Efendi,\u00a0Peyveste Han\u0131mefendi\u2019nin o\u011flu<\/li>
        6. Ahmed Nureddin Efendi<\/li>
        7. Mehmet Bedreddin Efendi<\/li>
        8. Mehmed Abid Efendi, Saliha Naciye Han\u0131mefendi\u2019nin o\u011flu<\/li><\/ol>
          K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131<\/h5><\/dt><\/dl>
          1. Ulviye Sultan<\/li>
          2. Zekiye Sultan<\/li>
          3. Naime Sultan<\/li>
          4. Naile Sultan<\/li>
          5. \u015eadiye Sultan<\/li>
          6. Ay\u015fe Sultan<\/li>
          7. Refia Sultan<\/li>
          8. Hatice Sultan\u00a0\u2013 (10 Temmuz 1897,\u00a0Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131,\u00a0\u0130stanbul\u00a0\u2013 14 \u015eubat 1898), annesi\u00a0Fatma Pesend Han\u0131mefendi\u2019ydi. 7 ayl\u0131kken\u00a0difteriden\u00a0\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f,\u00a0Yahya Efendi T\u00fcrbesi\u2019nde defnedilmi\u015ftir. Abd\u00fclhamid, k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden duydu\u011fu \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcden dolay\u0131 hat\u0131ras\u0131na\u00a0Hamidiye Etfal Hastanesini\u00a0(g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki\u00a0\u015ei\u015fli Etfal Hastanesi) yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>
          9. Aliye Sultan (y.1900). Bebekken \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>
          10. Cemile Sultan (y.1900). Bebekken \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>
          11. Samiye Sultan<\/li>
          12. Saliha Sultan<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            G\u00d6K SULTAN ABD\u00dcLHAM\u0130D HAN Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid II.(Osmanl\u0131ca: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u06cc, romanize: Abd\u00fc\u2019l-\u1e24am\u012bd-i s\u00e2n\u00ee; 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1842 \u2013 10 \u015eubat 1918), Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 34. padi\u015fah\u0131, 113. \u0130slamhalifesi ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecindeki devlette mutlak hakimiyet sa\u011flayan son padi\u015faht\u0131r.Tahtta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cHamidiye D\u00f6nemi\u201d diye bilinen y\u0131llarda \u0130mparatorluk, da\u011f\u0131lma d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fad\u0131; ba\u015fta k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ilan etti\u011fi I. Me\u015frutiyet ve Kanuni Esasi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3091","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3091","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3091"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3091\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7075,"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3091\/revisions\/7075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/devletialiyye.org.tr\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}